Born in Guangzhou, China in 1896, Mabel Lee became a pioneering figure for civil rights in the early 20th century. 

Throughout her life, she distinguished herself as an exceptional scholar and activist, advocating for the rights of women, particularly within the Chinese American community. 

In a time when opportunities for women were limited, Mabel’s educational achievements were remarkable. She attended Erasmus Hall Academy in Brooklyn and later earned a scholarship to Barnard College where she pursued a degree in history and philosophy. She became the first Chinese woman to earn a Ph.D. from Columbia University. 

While excelling academically, Mabel remained an ardent advocate for women’s right to vote. At 16 years of age, she took part in the historic 1912 women’s suffrage parade in New York City, riding on horseback to lead thousands of marchers down Fifth Avenue. Her involvement in the movement challenged both gender and racial stereotypes. At that time, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 denied citizenship to Chinese immigrants and their American-born families. The law remained in effect until 1943 with the passage of the Magnuson Act.

Mabel was deeply committed to improving the lives of Chinese Americans, particularly women. She was a Christian and active member of the Chinese Baptist Church in New York City. 

Despite her countless contributions, Mabel’s legacy remained obscure throughout the 20th century. In recent years, historians, church leaders and activists have recognized her significant role in advancing both the suffrage movement and the rights of Chinese American women. In 2018, she was posthumously honored with the U.S. Congressional Gold Medal for her contributions to civil rights and education. The government also named a post office in New York City in her honor.

Mabel Lee’s life was one of resilience, determination, and advocacy. As an immigrant, a scholar, and a civil rights activist, she broke barriers and championed the rights of all women. Her legacy continues as a testament to her faith in God, promotion of education, and activism in creating a more just society.

Mabel Lee died at the age of 70 in 1966. There is no record of her becoming a U.S. citizen, therefore not being able to exercise her right to vote. However, her lifelong dedication advocating for the rights of women ensured that countless other women now have the ability to do so. 

So What?

In what ways are you actively participating in social justice initiatives, breaking down barriers, advocating for human rights, and serving those in need?

Illustration by Paul Ryding